Applications of nanomaterials to improve Phytoremediation

Section: Reviews
Keywords: nanomaterial, phytoremediation, pollutants, human health

Phytoremediation is a promising plant-based approach for the removal of metallic contaminants from soil. However, its effectiveness is limited by factors such as plant tolerance, growth rate, and biomass. The integration of nanomaterials with phytoremediation has emerged as a potential solution to enhance the efficiency of this process. Nanomaterials can improve phytoremediation by directly removing pollutants, promoting plant growth, and increasing the phytoavailability of contaminants. Various nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nano-hydroxyapatite, iron oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and zinc oxide nanoparticles have been successfully employed in the phytoremediation of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, mercury, and chromium. These nanomaterials act as adsorbents, carriers, or growth regulators, facili-tating the uptake and accumulation of pollutants by plants. The choice of nanomaterial depends on the nature of the con-taminant and the plant species used. While nanomaterial-assisted phytoremediation offers several advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and in-situ applicability, it also has limitations, including potential toxicity to plants and the environment. Further research is needed to optimize the use of nanomaterials in phytoremediation and address the challenges associated with their application. Overall, the integration of nanotechnology with phytoremediation holds great promise for the sustainable remediation of contaminated soils.