Unlocking PM1-Bound Cytotoxicity: Where Do We Stand and What’s Next?

Section: Reviews
Keywords: PM1 , Cytotoxicity, Respiratory diseases
Subjects: This review aims to shed light on the potential toxicity of particulate matter PM1 particles, urging a shift in focus towards these microscopic yet potent contributors to air pollution-related health issues
Disciplines: Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science

Particulate matter (PM) in air stands as a crucial environmental health concern, implicated in various diseases based on extensive epidemiological investigations. Associations between PM exposure and conditions such as acute respiratory infections, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases have been well-established. Despite incomplete
To better understand how these biological processes work, in vitro studies have shown that PM1 causes harmful effects on cells, damage to DNA, and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. Biomass burning and vehicular emissions contribute to PM emissions, which play pivotal roles in altering ambient environment. This encompasses its chemical,
physical, and toxicological characteristics. This comprehensive chapter consolidates findings on the physiochemical features of PM1 particulates, with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 1 µm (PM1), that focus on impact on health and the environment. PM1 particulates have a cytotoxic activity that poses a threat to health. Furthermore, the review extensively explores the dynamics of cytotoxicity associated with PM1 in various environmental contexts at national and international levels. The amalgamation of insights provides a nuanced perspective on the intricacies of PM1-bound cytotoxicity, thereby enhancing our understanding of air quality
challenges in both Indian and global contexts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article on the cytotoxicity of PM1 particles.